Learn about the best UK business visa options for expats, including eligibility, requirements, and step-by-step guidance to start your company legally in the UK.
Introduction
The United Kingdom has long been a magnet for global entrepreneurs who dream of building and scaling their businesses in one of the world’s strongest economies. For expatriates, the first and most critical step to launching a business in the UK is securing the right visa. The visa you choose determines what business activities you can undertake, how long you can stay, and your path to permanent residency or citizenship.
This guide explores the main business visa options for expats who want to start a company in the UK, including their eligibility requirements, application processes, and tips for success.
1. Understanding the UK’s Business Immigration Framework
The UK’s immigration system uses a points-based framework that evaluates applicants based on factors like innovation, experience, investment capital, and English proficiency. Each visa type serves a specific kind of entrepreneur — from early-stage innovators to seasoned investors.
The main business-related visas for expats are:
- Innovator Founder Visa
- Start-up Visa
- Global Talent Visa
- Self-Sponsorship Route (Skilled Worker Visa)
- Investor Visa (Tier 1, Legacy Route)
2. Innovator Founder Visa (Most Popular for Entrepreneurs)
Introduced in April 2023, the Innovator Founder Visa replaced the previous Innovator and Start-up visas. It is the UK’s flagship route for experienced entrepreneurs.
Key Features
- No minimum investment funds required (unlike the old £50,000 rule).
- Applicants must have an endorsed business idea that is innovative, viable, and scalable.
- Valid for 3 years, with the option to apply for Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR) after that period.
- You can bring dependents (spouse and children under 18).
Eligibility Requirements
- Be at least 18 years old.
- Have a business plan endorsed by an approved endorsing body (e.g., Innovator International, Envestors, or UK Endorsing Services).
- Demonstrate English language proficiency (B2 level).
- Prove financial means to support yourself in the UK.
Application Process
- Develop an innovative and scalable business plan.
- Secure endorsement from a recognized endorsing body.
- Apply online via the UK government website.
- Provide biometric information and supporting documents.
- Wait for a decision (usually 3–8 weeks).
Endorsement Tip: Your business idea should offer something new to the UK market — mere duplication of existing businesses will likely be rejected.
3. Start-up Visa (For First-Time Entrepreneurs)
Although this visa has been largely replaced by the Innovator Founder Visa, existing holders can still continue under its terms until expiry. The Start-up Visa remains a reference for new entrepreneurs with limited experience.
Key Features
- Designed for early-stage entrepreneurs launching their first UK business.
- No investment funds required.
- Valid for 2 years, but not extendable — applicants must transition to the Innovator Founder route.
- Allows dependents to join.
Eligibility
- Endorsement from a UK higher education institution or an approved endorsing body.
- Innovative, viable, and scalable business plan.
- Proof of English proficiency (B2).
- Sufficient personal savings to support living costs.
Documents Needed
- Endorsement letter.
- Valid passport.
- Bank statements (showing at least £1,270 in savings).
- Tuberculosis test results (if applicable).
4. Global Talent Visa (For Exceptional Individuals)
If you’re an expat who already has a strong professional track record, the Global Talent Visa can be an ideal route.
Key Features
- No requirement for a job offer or business endorsement.
- Valid for up to 5 years, renewable and leading to ILR.
- Freedom to start or join businesses without restriction.
- Recognizes outstanding achievement in fields like digital technology, academia, research, arts, and culture.
Eligibility
Applicants must demonstrate exceptional talent or promise and be endorsed by an approved organization (e.g., Tech Nation for tech professionals, Arts Council England for artists).
Benefits for Entrepreneurs
- Freedom to create multiple businesses.
- No investment threshold.
- Quicker route to permanent residency (after 3 years for exceptional talent).
5. Self-Sponsorship Route (Using a Skilled Worker Visa)
An increasingly popular option for expats is the Self-Sponsorship Route, which allows you to start your own company in the UK and sponsor yourself as an employee.
How It Works
- Register your company in the UK.
- Apply for a Sponsor Licence from the Home Office.
- Issue yourself a Certificate of Sponsorship (CoS) under the Skilled Worker category.
- Apply for a Skilled Worker Visa using your company’s sponsorship.
Key Requirements
- Company must meet sponsorship eligibility criteria.
- Minimum salary threshold (around £26,200 per year).
- Proof that the role is genuine and meets the skill level required.
Pros and Cons
Pros: No need for external endorsement, long-term stay, and clear ILR pathway.
Cons: Administrative complexity and compliance audits by the Home Office.
6. Legacy Route: Tier 1 Investor Visa (Now Closed)
The Tier 1 Investor Visa was historically available to those investing £2 million or more in UK businesses or bonds. It was closed in 2022, but existing holders can still extend or apply for ILR.
Key Takeaways
- Requires investment of £2 million+ in qualifying UK businesses.
- No work restrictions — can run or invest in multiple companies.
- Path to ILR after 2–5 years depending on investment amount.
7. Visa Comparison Table
| Visa Type | Investment Required | Endorsement Needed | Duration | ILR Eligibility |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Innovator Founder Visa | No fixed minimum | Yes | 3 years | After 3 years |
| Start-up Visa | None | Yes | 2 years | Must switch to Innovator |
| Global Talent Visa | None | Yes (based on skill) | Up to 5 years | 3–5 years |
| Self-Sponsorship | Business capital only | No | 5 years | After 5 years |
| Tier 1 Investor (Legacy) | £2 million | No | 2–5 years | 2–5 years |
8. Financial and Legal Preparations Before Applying
Step 1: Develop a Business Plan
Your plan should cover market analysis, innovation, scalability, and growth potential.
Step 2: Open a UK Business Bank Account
Most banks require proof of address, company registration, and visa approval. Digital banks like Revolut Business and Wise Business simplify this process.
Step 3: Prepare Proof of Funds
You must show personal savings to support yourself during your stay — typically around £1,270.
Step 4: Legal Compliance
Ensure your business complies with UK laws on company registration, tax (HMRC), and data protection (ICO).
9. Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Submitting a generic or non-innovative business plan.
- Applying without checking endorsement eligibility.
- Ignoring visa timelines or missing renewal deadlines.
- Failing to maintain communication with endorsing bodies.
- Misrepresenting business viability — this can result in rejection.
10. Life After Getting a Business Visa
Once your visa is approved:
- Register your company with Companies House.
- Register for taxes with HMRC.
- Apply for National Insurance Number (NIN).
- Open a business bank account.
- Begin trading legally under your visa conditions.
After establishing your business, you can eventually apply for Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR) and even British citizenship.
11. Expert Tips for a Successful Application
- Work with Endorsing Bodies Early: Build a relationship and get pre-assessment feedback.
- Demonstrate Scalability: Show how your business benefits the UK economy.
- Show Personal Involvement: You must play an active role in the business’s day-to-day operations.
- Maintain Documentation: Keep copies of financial statements, endorsements, and business activities.
Conclusion
Starting a company in the UK as an expat begins with choosing the right visa. Whether you’re an innovative founder, a global talent, or a self-sponsored entrepreneur, the UK offers multiple pathways for international business growth. By understanding the visa options, meeting all legal requirements, and presenting a strong business plan, you can successfully establish and expand your business in one of the world’s most dynamic economies.
